Table 3 Parameters and critical time points for safety assessment.

From: Effects of acoustic levitation on the development of zebrafish, Danio rerio, embryos

Parameter

Low humidity (LH) group

Medium-low humidity (MLH) group

Humidity (RH %)

13.3

28.9

Room temperature (°C)

22.8

21.9

Number of levitated samples (unless specified)

6

6

Initial sample volume (E3 droplet + embryo) (μL)

18.0 ± 4.3

24.2 ± 3.3

Initial embryo volume (μL)

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.0

Mortality at 12–14 hpf

100

100 (n = 5)

Time (t1) when sample height (E3 droplet + embryo) = embryo diameter (s)

2056 ± 667

3359 ± 793

Time (t2) when sample volume (E3 droplet + embryo) = embryo volume (s)

2990 ± 375

4985 ± 482

Time (t3) when embryo spontaneously exited the levitator (s)

3428 ± 18 (n = 2)

4735 (n = 1)

Time (t4) when embryo dried and was manually extracted from levitator (s)

3569 ± 19 (n = 4)

5578 ± 391 (n = 5)

Samples failures at insertion

1

0

Samples failures at extraction

0

1

  1. All safety time points exceeded the levitation times 1000 s and 2000 s applied in study. No control fish (n = 12) were found dead at mortality assessment (12–14 hpf), whereas all fish (n = 11) were dead in the levitation group after 3428–5578 s levitation.