Table 1 Results of successful DIAL scans.

From: New ground-based lidar enables volcanic CO2 flux measurements

October 15

Time [HH:MM:SS]

Plume speed [m/s]

Elevation [°]

Scan no.

Flux [kg/s]

Flux [tons/day]

18:23:07

1.4 ± 0.4

12

8

4.4 ± 1.5

379 ± 127

18:35:00

1.4 ± 0.4

12

9

4.0 ± 1.3

347 ± 116

18:47:18

1.4 ± 0.4

12

10

3.3 ± 1.1

286 ± 96

18:58:26

1.4 ± 0.4

12

11

2.9 ± 1.0

252 ± 84

19:09:18

1.4 ± 0.4

12

12

2.2 ± 0.7

191 ± 64

19:20:20

1.4 ± 0.4

12

13

2.0 ± 0.7

170 ± 57

19:30:08

1.4 ± 0.4

12

14

1.9 ± 0.6

167 ± 56

Mean (±1 SD)

2.6 ± 1.0

256 ± 85

October 16

10:56:02

3.0 ± 0.5

15

3

1.5 ± 0.3

131 ± 27

11:10:09

3.0 ± 0.5

15

4

3.9 ± 0.8

338 ± 71

11:29:17

1.5 ± 0.3

12

5

3.2 ± 0.8

274 ± 66

11:40:44

1.5 ± 0.3

12

6

3.7 ± 0.9

316 ± 76

11:53:03

1.5 ± 0.3

12

7

1.3 ± 0.3

113 ± 27

12:04:40

1.5 ± 0.3

12

8

3.5 ± 0.8

299 ± 72

12:15:47

1.5 ± 0.3

12

9

3.7 ± 0.9

321 ± 77

16:38:30

10 ± 1

0

13

2.1 ± 0.3

178 ± 27

16:51:09

10 ± 1

0

14

2.2 ± 0.3

190 ± 28

17:05:30

3.0 ± 0.6

6

15

4.2 ± 1.0

359 ± 90

17:17:22

3.0 ± 0.6

6

16

2.3 ± 0.6

199 ± 50

17:30:37

3.0 ± 0.6

12

17

2.7 ± 0.7

231 ± 58

17:42:23

3.0 ± 0.6

12

18

2.0 ± 0.5

174 ± 43

17:54:24

3.0 ± 0.6

12

19

1.8 ± 0.5

158 ± 39

18:05:33

3.0 ± 0.6

12

20

2.1 ± 0.5

185 ± 46

18:23:47

3.0 ± 0.6

12

21

1.9 ± 0.4

161 ± 40

18:36:58

3.0 ± 0.6

12

22

1.4 ± 0.6

124 ± 31

18:51:23

3.0 ± 0.6

12

23

2.6 ± 0.6

223 ± 55

19:04:59

3.0 ± 0.6

12

24

2.3 ± 0.5

198 ± 49

19:16:08

3.0 ± 0.6

12

25

2.0 ± 0.6

174 ± 43

19:27:33

3.0 ± 0.6

12

26

2.6 ± 0.5

224 ± 56

Mean (±1 SD)

2.5 ± 0.8

218 ± 71

  1. A scan was considered successful when observations were performed across the entire plume cross section (e.g., when background values were obtained in lidar profiles obtained at heading angles of <200° and >225°). This condition was fully met during phases of a buoyant, vertically ascending plume when the effect of the external (local) wind pattern was either minor or negligible. Each CO2 flux value was obtained by integrating the background-corrected CO2 mixing ratios over the entire plume cross-sectional area covered by each scan and multiplying this integrated amount in the column by the plume transport speed (see Methods). The plume speeds and fluxes are presented as mean ± SD values.
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