Figure 3
From: Glucanocellulosic ethanol: the undiscovered biofuel potential in energy crops and marine biomass
Enhanced saccharification and ethanol production in (1, 3)-β-glucan-enriched Miscanthus and marine biomass.
(a) (1, 3)-β-glucan content in engineered Miscanthus leaf (35S:PMR4-GFP) and bladderwrack (F. vesiculosus) biomass. (b) Amounts of the oligosaccharides laminaribiose and –triose (left panel) as well as glucose and the combined amount of these three (1, 3)-β-glucan hydrolysis products (right panel) as indicators for changes in saccharification efficiency of Miscanthus wild-type and engineered leaf biomass due to additional F. johnsoniae (1, 3)-β-glucanase application (−/+ BGL) after standard biomass pretreatment. (c) Ethanol production after 48 h of fermentation using yeast strains CEN (adapted) and CEN+LBT (engineered) and −/+ BGL. (d) Thallus morphology of bladderwrack. Photo courtesy of Christian A. Voigt. (e) Micrograph showing cross section of the bladderwrack’s blade after aniline blue fluorochrome-staining of (1, 3)-β-glucan. Micrograph taken by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. Scale bar, 100 μm. (f) Magnification of the blade’s epidermal and cortex cells as indicated in (e). Scale bar = 20 μm. (g) Amounts of laminaribiose, –triose,glucose and the combined amount of these three (1, 3)-β-glucan hydrolysis products as indicators for changes in saccharification efficiency of bladderwrack biomass −/+ BGL. (h) Ethanol production after 48 h of fermentation using the yeast strains CEN and CEN+LBT and −/+ BGL. Values represent the mean of three independent biological experiments. Letters a, b, c: groups with significant difference, P < 0.05 based on Tukey’s test. Error bars represent ± SE.
