Table 2 Summary risk estimates of the association between vitamin C intake and pancreatic cancer risk.
Subgroups | No. (cases) | No. studies | Risk estimate (95% CI) | Heterogeneity test I2 (%) P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All studies | 4827 | 17 | 0.705(0.612–0.811) | 42.3 | 0.034 |
Study design | |||||
Prospective | 797 | 4 | 0.827(0.651–0.994) | 0.0 | 0.965 |
Case-control | 4030 | 13 | 0.648(0.553–0.760) | 41.1 | 0.060 |
Ethnicity | |||||
Caucasian | 3543 | 12 | 0.741(0.626–0.876) | 43.4 | 0.054 |
Asian | 213 | 2 | 0.455(0.275–0.754) | 0.0 | 0.966 |
Mixed | 1071 | 3 | 0.677(0.508–0.901) | 43.4 | 0.171 |
