Figure 1

Dynamics of SRV-4 infection in humanized mouse model (experiment 1).

(a,b) Proviral DNA (a) and viral RNA (b) were respectively analyzed by PCR and RT-PCR (targeted to env region). ACTB and Actb (the murine ortholog of human ACTB) were used as internal control and the RT-PCR without reverse transcriptase (–RT) was used as negative control. In a and b, the results of MLN in mouse no. 4 are not shown because MLN was not detected. (c-t) Longitudinal analyses on the dynamics of SRV-4 infection. X-axes indicate wpi. (c) The body weights were routinely measured and were shown as the ratio to the initial weight. (d-k) The numbers of white blood cells (d) red blood cells (e) and platelets (f) hematocrit (g) hemoglobin concentration (h) and the values of MCV (i), MCH (j) and MCHC (k) were measured by hematometry. (l-t) The numbers of human CD45⁺ leukocytes (l), CD3⁺ T cells (m) CD4⁺ T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺ cells; (n) CD8⁺ T cells (CD3⁺CD8⁺ cells; (o) naïve CD4⁺ T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD45RA⁺ cells; (p) memory CD4⁺ T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD45RA^– cells; (q) naïve CD8⁺ T cells (CD3⁺CD8⁺CD45RA⁺ cells; (r) memory CD8⁺ T cells (CD3⁺CD8⁺CD45RA^– cells; (s) and CD19⁺ B cells (t) were analyzed by flow cytometry and hematometry. In c-t, red, an SRV-4-infected mouse exhibited anemia (no. 2); brown, an SRV-4-infected mouse (i.e., viral DNA was detected; no. 3); and black, SRV-inoculated mice without viral replication. The data from mock-infected mice (n = 3) is presented as averages with SEMs. The mouse numbers correspond to those in Table 1. (u-w) Hemophagocytosis in the liver of an SRV-4-infected mice exhibited anemia (no. 2). The liver section of the mouse was assessed by H&E staining (u, right), immunostaining (v) and Berlin blue staining (w) and the representatives are shown. In u, H&E staining of the liver section of mock-infected mouse is presented on the left panel. In u and v, areas enclosed with squares are enlarged in independent panels. Arrowheads indicate the degenerated hepatocytes. In w, the cells stained with blue indicate hemosiderin-containing hemophagocytic macrophages. CV, central vein; PV, portal vein. Scale bar, 100 μm. In a and b, gels have been cropped; full uncropped gels are available as Supplementary Figure 1.