Figure 2
Temporal dynamics of cicada populations with 10-year periodicity introduced under cool and warm ambient environments.
(a) Cool environments (ART = 0) and (b) warm environments (ART = +1). (top) Annual adult population sizes. (middle) Enlargement of top for t = 5000~5050. (bottom) Annual total population sizes for each genotype (AA: purple, Aa: blue, aa: orange). The black arrow points to the first step (t = 1,000) when the mutation is introduced. The extinction threshold of the Allee effect is set as Nc = 100. The parameters for annual mortality are k = 250 and λ = 1.005. The penalty of reproduction for immature periodical adults is set to be dependent on the shortage of accumulated temperature.
