Table 1 The effect of binge methamphetamine (METH) on methylation status of LINE-1 promoter in several areas of rat brain assessed at 24 h after binge METH or saline (SAL).

From: Neurotoxic Methamphetamine Doses Increase LINE-1 Expression in the Neurogenic Zones of the Adult Rat Brain

Brain area

CpG1

CpG2

CpG3

CpG4

CpG5

CpG6

CpG7

CpG8

CpG9

CpG10

Average

Striatum

SAL

84.5 ± 0.5

54.3 ± 0.3

73.6 ± 0.5

68.3 ± 0.7

77.8 ± 1.1

30.5 ± 0.1

99.7 ± 0.3

56.1 ± 0.7

65.7 ± 0.9

80.0 ± 0.3

69.0 ± 0.2

METH

85.3 ± 0.4

55.2 ± 0.3

74.0 ± 0.3

70.0 ± 0.8

77.4 ± 0.7

30.7 ± 0.3

100 ± 0

56.8 ± 0.7

65.7 ± 1.1

78.1 ± 0.4

69.3 ± 0.3

Dentate gyrus

SAL

84.5 ± 0.4

54.9 ± 0.4

74.6 ± 0.2

69.9 ± 0.6

76.2 ± 0.6

30.9 ± 0.4

99.7 ± 0.3

57.4 ± 0.6

66.4 ± 0.2

78.2 ± 0.6

69.3 ± 0.2

METH

85.6 ± 0.4

54.9 ± 0.5

72.7 ± 0.3#

68.5 ± 0.8

76.8 ± 1.0

30.2 ± 0.2

99.4 ± 0.6

55.9 ± 0.2

62.9 ± 0.4#

79.2 ± 0.4

68.5 ± 0.3*

Hippocampus

SAL

84.4 ± 0.2

54.5 ± 0.4

74.4 ± 0.2

70.1 ± 0.6

75.8 ± 0.8

30.9 ± 0.3

99.7 ± 0.2

57.5 ± 0.2

66.3 ± 1.0

80.1 ± 0.4

69.5 ± 0.1

METH

85.7 ± 0.4

54.8 ± 0.5

73.4 ± 0.4

69.5 ± 0.6

76.6 ± 0.6

30.6 ± 0.3

99.8 ± 0.2

56.0 ± 0.5

66.4 ± 0.4

78.4 ± 0.6

69.1 ± 0.2

Frontal cortex

SAL

83.9 ± 0.3

54.5 ± 0.3

73.3 ± 0.4

68.8 ± 0.6

77.1 ± 0.6

29.6 ± 0.2

100 ± 0

54.6 ± 0.4

64.2 ± 0.6

78.1 ± 0.4

68.4 ± 0.2

METH

84.9 ± 0.4

53.9 ± 0.3

72.8 ± 0.4

69.2 ± 0.3

75.8 ± 0.5

29.7 ± 0.3

99.8 ± 0.2

54.8 ± 0.5

65.0 ± 0.5

76.9 ± 0.6

68.3 ± 0.2

Cerebellum

SAL

86.0 ± 0.5

55.6 ± 0.3

74.8 ± 0.3

71.4 ± 0.8

77.0 ± 0.9

31.3 ± 0.3

100 ± 0

57.5 ± 0.3

66.5 ± 1.1

79.3 ± 0.7

69.9 ± 0.3

METH

86.5 ± 0.2

55.5 ± 0.4

75.9 ± 0.3

71.1 ± 0.3

77.0 ± 0.5

31.8 ± 0.3

99.9 ± 0.1

58.1 ± 0.5

67.4 ± 0.2

78.3 ± 0.3

70.1 ± 0.2

  1. Statistically significant: *p < 0.05 (Student’s t-test), #p < 0.005 (Student’s t-test with the Bonferroni correction), n = 5–7 rats/group.
  2. First ten C-phosphate-G (CpG) sites within the promoter region were assessed for percent of methylation by pyrosequencing in saline- and METH-treated rats at 24 h after the last injection of the drug or saline. Average methylation of LINE-1 promoter was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus (−1%) due to hypomethylation at the CpG3 and CpG9 site.
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