Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles stimulate sea urchin immune cell phagocytic activity involving TLR/p38 MAPK-mediated signalling pathway

Figure 5

TiO2 nanoparticles affect phosphorylation levels of the p38 MAPK.

(A) Immunoblotting analysis with anti-P-p38 MAPK on total cell lysates (upper panel) and subcellular fractions (lower panel) of sea urchin immune cells exposed to TiO2NPs, shows a significant reduction (50%) in the in the levels of the phosphorylated form of p38 MAPK. (B) Immunoblotting analysis with anti-p38 MAPK on total cell lysates of sea urchin immune cells (upper panel) and comparative qPCR analysis of Pl-p38 MAPK gene expression (lower panel). (C) Immunoblotting analysis with anti-P-ERK (upper panel) and representative image of 3 control specimens and 3 specimens exposed to TiO2NPs (lower panel). Histograms represent the means of the three independent experiments ±SE after normalization with tubulin or actin levels for the proteins and Pl-Z12-1 gene for the gene expression. Cy: cytosol; M/O: membrane/organelles; N: nuclei; Ct: cytoskeleton.

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