Table 3 Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies on the Risk of Prostate Cancer Tissues and Sera, Stratified by Region, Publication Calendar Period and HPV Type.
From: Worldwide Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Relative Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Total | Tissue-based detection | Serum-based detection | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of studies | No. of cases | P for heterogeneity | OR a (95% CI b) | No. of studies | No. of cases | P for heterogeneity | OR (95% CI) | No. of studies | No. of cases | P for heterogeneity | OR (95% CI) | |
Total | 34 | 4540 | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.12–1.55) | 26 | 1218 | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.29–2.49) | 10 | 3436 | 0.302 | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) |
Region | ||||||||||||
North America | 12 | 2543 | 0.883 | 1.01 (0.90–1.14) | 6 | 225 | 0.632 | 0.98 (0.70–1.36) | 6 | 2318 | 0.813 | 1.02 (0.90–1.15) |
Europe | 8 | 1057 | 0.075 | 1.11 (0.93–1.32) | 7 | 258 | 0.180 | 1.95 (1.35–2.81) | 2 | 850 | 0.665 | 0.94 (0.79–1.13) |
Asia | 8 | 473 | 0.162 | 2.82 (1.89–4.21) | 8 | 473 | 0.162 | 2.82 (1.89–4.21) | 0 | 0 | NA | NA |
Africa | 1 | 205 | NAc | NA | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 205 | NA | NA |
Latin America | 3 | 161 | 0.119 | 5.76 (2.25–14.76) | 3 | 161 | 0.119 | 5.76 (2.25–14.76) | 0 | 0 | NA | NA |
Ocean | 2 | 101 | 0.008 | 1.29 (0.25–6.80) | 2 | 101 | 0.008 | 1.29 (0.25–6.80) | 0 | 0 | NA | NA |
Mixed | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | 1 | 63 | NA | NA |
Publication calendar period | ||||||||||||
1990–1999 | 12 | 494 | 0.029 | 1.37 (0.85–2.21) | 11 | 447 | 0.018 | 1.38 (0.82–2.30) | 2 | 110 | 0.257 | 0.71 (0.20–2.50) |
2000–2015 | 22 | 4046 | <0.001 | 1.34 (1.12–1.59) | 15 | 771 | 0.036 | 2.13 (1.45–3.12) | 8 | 3326 | 0.243 | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) |
HPV Type | ||||||||||||
High-riskd | 24 | 3525 | 0.006 | 1.19 (1.00–1.42) | 17 | 819 | <0.001 | 1.70 (1.03–2.82) | 9 | 2820 | 0.383 | 1.06 (0.96–1.16) |
Low-riske | 5 | 331 | 0.534 | 0.75 (0.38–1.47) | 5 | 331 | 0.534 | 0.75 (0.38–1.47) | 1 | 51 | NA | NA |
Related to HPV16 | ||||||||||||
Yes | 24 | 4090 | 0.018 | 1.15 (0.96–1.36) | 16 | 768 | 0.001 | 1.95 (1.06–3.57) | 10 | 3436 | 0.424 | 1.05(0.96–1.16) |
No | 12 | 3157 | 0.283 | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) | 8 | 409 | 0.066 | 1.75 (1.22–2.51) | 5 | 2799 | 0.962 | 0.98 (0.84–1.16) |
Related to HPV18 | ||||||||||||
Yes | 12 | 3181 | 0.284 | 1.02 (0.82–1.28) | 8 | 433 | 0.094 | 1.82 (0.97–3.41) | 5 | 2799 | 0.606 | 0.92 (0.73–1.17) |
No | 16 | 3318 | 0.149 | 1.08 (0.96–1.21) | 12 | 570 | 0.054 | 1.60 (1.23–2.09) | 5 | 2799 | 0.895 | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) |
