Table 1 Characteristics of the study population across percentile increments of cord blood 25(OH)D levels.
From: Cord Blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Fetal Growth in the China-Anhui Birth Cohort Study
Characteristics | Percentile of 25(OH)D level in cord blood | P-values* | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1–10 (n = 147) | 11–20 (n = 151) | 21–30 (n = 149) | 31–40 (n = 149) | 41–50 (n = 149) | 51–60 (n = 149) | 61–70 (n = 150) | 71–80 (n = 148) | 81–90 (n = 150) | 91–100 (n = 149) | ||
Cord blood 25(OH) , nmol/L) | |||||||||||
Mean (SD) | 12.08 (3.07) | 19.37 (1.66) | 24.50 (1.45) | 29.54 (1.43) | 34.05 (1.09) | 38.58 (1.43) | 43.66 (1.58) | 50.25 (2.11) | 59.34 (3.76) | 82.78 (13.99) | |
Range | 6.06–16.59 | 16.62–22.17 | 22.20–27.15 | 27.18–32.01 | 32.07–36.03 | 36.06–41.07 | 41.10–46.71 | 46.83–53.85 | 53.91–66.72 | 66.78–119.64 | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||||
Maternal age, y, mean (SD) | 27.00 (3.42) | 27.72 (3.68) | 27.42 (3.51) | 28.15 (3.96) | 27.74 (3.51) | 27.56 (3.42) | 27.63 (3.74) | 27.93 (3.78) | 28.01 (4.02) | 27.34 (3.44) | 0.067 |
Maternal education <9 years, n (%) | 33(22.4) | 34(22.5) | 33(22.1) | 36(24.2) | 29(19.5) | 24(16.1) | 25(16.7) | 33(22.3) | 29(19.3) | 34(22.8) | 0.209 |
Family monthly income <2000 RMB/yuan, n (%) | 27(18.4) | 25(16.6) | 17(11.4) | 21(14.1) | 22(14.8) | 19(12.8) | 25(16.7) | 30(20.3) | 17(11.3) | 22(14.8) | 0.613 |
Perinatal health status | |||||||||||
Prepregnancy BMI, mean (SD) | 20.20 (2.73) | 20.25 (2.27) | 20.37 (2.64) | 20.10 (2.13) | 19.80 (2.36) | 20.03 (2.22) | 20.04 (2.53) | 20.55 (2.57) | 20.27 (2.51) | 19.97 (2.08) | 0.547 |
GWG, kg, mean (SD) | 16.68 (4.63) | 17.19 (5.31) | 17.43 (5.19) | 16.74 (4.47) | 16.93 (5.39) | 17.02 (5.07) | 16.79 (4.59) | 17.01 (4.32) | 16.24 (4.58) | 15.53 (4.73) | 0.150 |
Multipara, n (%) | 15(10.2) | 26(17.2) | 14(9.4) | 22(14.8) | 22(14.8) | 24(16.1) | 22(14.7) | 16(10.8) | 22(14.7) | 133(10.7) | 0.637 |
Pregnancy complicationsa, n (%) | 23(15.6) | 33(21.9) | 22(14.8) | 28(18.8) | 23(15.4) | 22(14.8) | 18(12.0) | 16(10.8) | 23(15.3) | 18(12.1) | 0.055 |
Prepregnancy lifestyleb | |||||||||||
Maternal alcohol consumptionc, n (%) | 18(12.2) | 30(19.9) | 17(11.4) | 25(16.8) | 20(13.4) | 25(16.8) | 29(19.3) | 24(16.2) | 22(14.7) | 15(10.4) | 0.537 |
Paternal smokingd, n (%) | 35(23.8) | 29(19.2) | 38(25.5) | 35(23.5) | 27(18.1) | 40(26.8) | 29(19.3) | 35(23.6) | 29(19.3) | 39(26.2) | 0.640 |
Paternal alcohol consumptionc, n (%) | 114(77.6) | 117(77.5) | 127(85.2) | 116(77.9) | 111(74.5) | 120(80.5) | 117(78.0) | 126(85.1) | 127(84.7) | 124(83.2) | 0.118 |
Birth outcomes | |||||||||||
Male infant, n (%) | 62(42.2) | 86(57.0) | 73(49.0) | 80(53.7) | 76(51.0) | 78(52.3) | 85(56.7) | 81(54.7) | 87(58.0) | 83(55.7) | 0.027 |
Gestational weeks, w, mean (SD) | 38.77 (1.98) | 38.68 (1.47) | 39.04 (1.37) | 39.00 (1.22) | 38.93 (1.57) | 38.98 (1.41) | 38.96 (1.28) | 39.13 (1.40) | 38.89 (1.29) | 38.77 (1.60) | 0.204 |
Birth weight, g, mean (SD) | 3235.6 (533.4) | 3351.4 (455.4) | 3382.3 (452.2) | 3447.6 (412.3) | 3460.1 (435.6) | 3452.3 (475.6) | 3436.5 (416.0) | 3412.8 (437.4) | 3342.4 (441.1) | 3310.4 (425.7) | 0.262 |
SGA, n (%) | 22 (15.0) | 17 (11.3) | 16 (10.7) | 9 (6.0) | 8 (5.4) | 9 (6.0) | 10 (6.7) | 11 (7.4) | 14 (9.3) | 17 (11.4) | 0.155 |
Birth during summer or autumn, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 17 (11.3) | 45 (30.2) | 66 (44.3) | 85 (57.0) | 90 (60.4) | 105 (70.0) | 116 (78.4) | 128 (85.3) | 140 (94.0) | <0.001 |
