Table 2 Effect of water stress on certain chloroplastic essential enzymes of chlorophyll synthesis; essential chloroplastic, mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes known to affect chlorophyll synthesis; the essential transporters.

From: Revisiting the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway using genome scale metabolic model of Oryza sativa japonica

Enzyme/Transporter	Compartment	EC number	Effect on enzyme activity/Pathway involved	Phenotypic effect	Reference	Simulated result to find essentiality
GDC	mito	1.4.4.2	Mutated/reduced expression	chlorosis	Engel et al. 2008	Yes
SHMT	mito	2.1.2.1	Mutated/reduced expression	chlorosis	Moreno et al. 2004	Yes
ICDH	mito	1.1.1.42	Mutated/reduced expression	chlorosis	Sienkiewicz-Porzucek, A. et al. 2010	Yes
AH	mito	4.2.1.3		chlorosis		Yes
ammonia tx	mito					Yes
serine tx	mito					Yes
ketoglutarate tx	mito					Yes
glycine tx	mito					Yes
CO₂ tx	mito					Yes
citrate_tx	mito					Yes
MTHFR	cyto	1.5.1.20	In methyl cycle	Reduced chl synthesis	Wilder et al., 2009	Yes
MS	cyto	2.1.1.14	Decreased activity	Reduced chl synthesis	Wilder et al., 2009	Yes
AdoMet-Synthetase	cyto	2.5.1.6	In methyl cycle	Reduced chl synthesis	Wilder et al., 2009	Yes
AdoHcyase	cyto	3.3.1.1	In methyl cycle	Reduced chl synthesis	Wilder et al., 2009	Yes
CHLM	chloroplast	2.1.1.11	Decreased activity	Reduced chl synthesis	Wilder et al., 2009	Yes
ALAD	chloroplast	4.2.1.24	↓ By 33%	Low chl content	Dalal and Tripathy 2012	Yes
PBGD	chloroplast	2.5.1.61	↓ By 32%	Low chl content	Dalal and Tripathy 2012	Yes
CPO	chloroplast	1.3.3.3	↓ By 33%	Low chl content	Dalal and Tripathy 2012	Yes
PPO	chloroplast	1.3.3.4	↓ By 38%	Low chl content	Dalal and Tripathy 2012	Yes
Mg chelatase	chloroplast	6.6.1.1	↓ By 50%	Low chl content	Dalal and Tripathy 2012	Yes
POR	chloroplast	1.3.1.33	↓ By 38%	Low chl content	Dalal and Tripathy 2012	Yes
CHL P	chloroplast	1.3.1.83	↓ By 62-68% or if inhibited by expressing antisense RNA	Low chl content	Dalal and Tripathy 2012; Tanaka 1999	Yes
T1	chloroplast		If impaired, disrupts plastid biogenesis		Bouvier et al., 2006	Yes
T2	chloroplast		Required for AdoHcy transport		Hanson et al., 2000	Yes
Mal-Glu tx	chloroplast					Yes
Mal-2OG tx	chloroplast					Yes

ALAD, 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; PBGD, Porphobilinogen deaminase; CPO, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase; PPO, protoporphyrinogen oxidase; MgCHL, Mg chelatase; POR, protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase; CHL P, geranyl geranyl reductase; T1, S-adenosylmethionine transporter; T2, Adenosyl homocysteine transporter; AH, Aconitate hydratase; GDC, glycine decarboxylase; SHMT, serine hydroxymethyltransferase; ICDH, isocitratedehydrogenase; CHLM, Mg-protoporphyrin.
IX methyltransferase; MTHFR,5,10-methylene-THF reductases; MS, methionine synthase; AdoMet-Synthetase,S-adenosylmethionine synthetase; AdoHcyase,adenosylhomocysteinase; cyto, cytosol; mito,mitochondria; chl, chlorophyll; tx, transporter.
↓ indicate decrease in the enzyme activity.

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Table 2 Effect of water stress on certain chloroplastic essential enzymes of chlorophyll synthesis; essential chloroplastic, mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes known to affect chlorophyll synthesis; the essential transporters.

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