Figure 4

Molecular dynamics simulation of shocked [110] tantalum crystal at a particle velocity of 1.1 km/s (shock pressure near 120 GPa).

(a) Hexagonal phase as filtered by adaptive common neighbor analysis²⁵ and colored by neighbor count. Close-up images of a hexagonal cluster consisting of nearly 500 atoms showing (b) packing and (c) bonding (imaging by Ovito³⁵). (d) Orientation imaging map where green corresponds to the <110> direction and red to the <100> direction (imaging through MD_render³⁶ implemented in SPaSM³⁷).