Figure 4
JS-K released nitrites and continued to induce apoptosis in bladder cancer cells.
(A) Apoptosis in T24 and UM-UC-3 cells treated with JS-K, conditioned medium or NaNO2. T24 and UM-UC-3 cells were cultured with either the conditioned medium of cells treated with JS-K (5 μM) or with NaNO2 (2.75 μM for T24 and 3.60 μM for UM-UC-3) for 48 h. Cells treated with 5 μM JS-K were used as a positive control. The cells were visualized by microscopy (100×). (B) Cell survival was assessed using a CCK-8 assay. (C) Cells were treated with JS-K (5 μM), conditioned medium or NaNO2 (2.75 μM for T24 and 3.60 μM for UM-UC-3) for 6 h. ROS production was then measured. Cytotoxicity (D), apoptosis (E) and caspase-3/7 activity (F) were determined according to the distributions for the treatments in (A). The data are presented as the mean ± SD for at least three independent experiments. Double asterisks (**) indicate an extremely significant difference (P < 0.01).
