Figure 4

(A) In vitro treatment of human endometrial glandular cells (hEGCs) with CuSO4 achieves a dose-dependent release of TNF-α (n = 3). The higher concentrations of CuSO4, the more TNF-α is produced by hEGCs (p < 0.001). (B) Immunohistochemisty reveals prominent TNF-α expression in the endometrium after Cu-IUD stimulation (Group 3), but not in the other two groups.