Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, a high-energy intermediate of glycolysis, attenuates experimental arthritis by activating anti-inflammatory adenosinergic pathway

Figure 1

FBP ameliorates zymosan-induced arthritis.

C57BL/6 or LysM-eGFP mice were treated with FBP (10, 30 or 100 mg.kg−1) or vehicle (Veh) 24 h and 30 min before zymosan injection (30 μg/knee joint). (A) Representative images of the leucocytes (x 40) from cytospin preparations of joint synovial lavage fluid stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa 6 h after arthritis induction. (B) Neutrophils infiltration into the joint analysed 6 h after arthritis induction. (C,D) Quantification of the fluorescence intensity 6 h after arthritis induction with in vivo imaging system IVIS Spectrum from LysM-eGFP mice pretreated or not with FBP (100 mg.kg−1). (C) Representative fluorescence images from LysM-eGFP mice (Veh or FBP) and (D) fluorescence intensity among the groups analysed 6 h after arthritis induction. (E,F) Measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity determined with in vivo imaging system IVIS Spectrum from mice pretreated or not with FBP (100 mg.kg−1) using XenoLight Rediject Inflammation Probe. (E) Representative chemiluminescence images and (F) normalized radiance intensity among the groups analysed 6 h after arthritis induction. (G) Mechanical hyperalgesia analysed 6 h after arthritis induction. (H) Articular oedema from C57BL/6 mice treated or not with FBP (100 mg.kg−1) determined at different times after arthritis induction. (I–K) Intra-articular TNF-α (I), IL-6 (J) and IL-10 (K) tissue levels determined 6 h after arthritis induction. Data represent mean ± s.e.m., n = 5 mice per group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared with vehicle group.

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