Table 3 Crude and Adjusted Rate Ratios for the Risk of Hospitalization for Sepsis with Metformin-Based Combination Therapy.

From: Association between Use of Oral Anti-Diabetic Drugs and the Risk of Sepsis: A Nested Case-Control Study

 

No. (%)

Rate Ratio (95% CI)

Current exposure

Cases (n = 43,015)

Control (n = 43,015)

Crude

P Value

Adjusted*

P Value

Metformin Alone

3,135 (7.3)

4,467 (10.4)

0.64 (0.61–0.67)

<0.001

0.65 (0.62–0.68)

<0.001

Metformin+ Sulfonylurea

4,929 (11.5)

6,265 (14.6)

0.72 (0.69–0.75)

<0.001

0.72 (0.69–0.75)

<0.001

Metformin+ Thiazolidinedione

132 (0.3)

241 (0.6)

0.50 (0.41–0.62)

<0.001

0.51 (0.41–0.64)

<0.001

Metformin+ DPP-4 inhibitors

215 (0.5)

300 (0.7)

0.65 (0.55–0.78)

<0.001

0.65 (0.55–0.78)

<0.001

Metformin+ Meglitinides

341 (0.8)

380 (0.9)

0.82 (0.71–0.96)

0.010

0.82 (0.71–0.96)

0.012

  1. *Adjusted for all confounders in Table 1. Each level of Charlson Comorbidity Index and adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index was calculated as a separate indicator variable.
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