Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: H3N2 Mismatch of 2014–15 Northern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccines and Head-to-head Comparison between Human and Ferret Antisera derived Antigenic Maps

Figure 4

Molecular modeling of influenza A (H3N2) viruses.

The three-dimensional structures of hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) of egg-grown A/Texas/50/2012 (TX/12e) and A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (SWZ/13e) were constructed based on the template PDB ID 4WE8 by homology modeling using MODELLER. Antibody-binding sites (ABS) and receptor-binding site (RBS) were adapted from previous annotations. The changes between TX/12e and SWZ/13e were highlighted at the structural superposition. (Panel A) shows the locations of 5 annotated ABS (A–E) on H3 HA1; (Panel B) highlighted mutations at the ABS and RBS among all H3N2 viruses in the testing panel; (Panel C) shows structural locations of amino acid differences on ABS between TX/12e and SWZ/12e. The conserved residues are gray-outlined boxes; changes between TX/12e and SWZ/13e are in boxes outlined with magenta-colored dashes. Egg-grown viruses are A/Uruguay/716/2007 (NYMCX175C) (URY/07e), A/Perth/16/2009 (PE/09e), A/Victoria/361/2011 (VIC/11e), A/Costa Rica/4700/2013 (CRI/13e), A/Utah/07/2013 (UT/13e), A/Palau/6759/2014 (PL/14e) and A/North Carolina/13/2014 (NC/14e) in addition to TX/12e and SWZ/13e. Cell-grown strains are A/Victoria/361/2011 (VIC/11c), A/Texas/50/2012 (TX/12c), A/Costa Rica/4700/2013 (CRI/13c), A/Utah/07/2013 (UT/13c), A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (SWZ/13c), A/North Carolina/13/2014 (NC/14c) and A/Michigan/15/2014 (MI/14c).

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