Figure 1

MSCs affect innate and adaptive immune responses.

(a) DCs were co-cultured with indicated ratios of MSCs for 3 hours prior to addition of 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 hours. DCs numbers remained constant. Cytokine responses were determined by ELISA. (b) Splenocytes from an LDLr KO mouse were co-cultured with indicated ratios of MSCs in the presence of αCD3/CD28 for 72 hours. Proliferation was assessed by ³H-thymidine incorporation and Ki-67 expression by flow cytometry. Splenocyte numbers remained constant. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM and representative of at least two independent experiments done in triplicate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ND defines not determined.