Table 1 Prevalence of HPV infection by anatomic site and selected characteristics in men of rural Anyang, China, 2009–2011.

From: Concurrence of oral and genital human papillomavirus infection in healthy men: a population-based cross-sectional study in rural China

Variables

No. (%)

Oral cavity (N = 2228)

External genitalia (N = 2228)

Oral cavity and external genitalia (N = 43)a

%

Crude OR (95% CI)b

Adjusted OR (95% CI)b

%

Crude OR (95% CI)b

Adjusted OR (95% CI)b

%

Crude OR (95% CI)b

Adjusted OR (95% CI)b

Total

2228 (100.0)

6.7

  

16.9

  

1.9

  

Age, years

 25–35

515 (23.1)

6.4

1.0

1.0

14.6

1.0

1.0

1.6

1.0

1.0

 36–45

792 (35.6)

6.2

1.0 (0.6–1.5)

1.0 (0.6–1.6)

19.3

1.4 (1.0–1.9)

1.6 (1.2–2.2)

2.4

1.6 (0.7–3.6)

1.7 (0.7–4.0)

 46–55

458 (20.6)

6.8

1.1 (0.6–1.8)

1.2 (0.7–2.1)

16.4

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

1.4 (0.9–2.0)

2.2

1.4 (0.6–3.6)

1.4 (0.5–3.9)

 56–65

463 (20.8)

7.8

1.2 (0.8–2.0)

1.3 (0.7–2.3)

15.8

1.4 (0.8–1.6)

1.4 (0.9–2.1)

1.3

0.8 (0.3–2.4)

1.0 (0.3–3.5)

 P value for trendd

  

0.340

0.363

 

0.972

0.251

 

0.686

0.963

Education level

 Illiteracy, <1 year

120 (5.4)

10.0

1.0

1.0

18.3

1.0

1.0

1.7

1.0

1.0

 Primary school, 1–6 years

618 (27.7)

7.3

0.7 (0.4–1.4)

0.7 (0.3–1.4)

16.4

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

1.0

0.6 (0.1–2.9)

0.6 (0.1–3.2)

 Junior high school, 7–9 years

1236 (55.5)

6.2

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

0.6 (0.3–1.2)

17.2

0.9 (0.6–1.5)

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

2.5

1.5 (0.4–6.4)

1.5 (0.3–7.3)

 Senior high school or above, >9 years

254 (11.4)

6.4

0.6 (0.3–1.3)

0.6 (0.3–1.4)

15.9

0.8 (0.5–1.5)

0.8 (0.4–1.5)

1.6

1.0 (0.2–5.3)

0.9 (0.1–5.8)

 P value for trendd

  

0.150

0.222

 

0.828

0.666

 

0.228

0.332

Marital status

 Married or cohabiting

2110 (94.7)

6.7

1.0

1.0

16.6

1.0

1.0

1.9

1.0

1.0

 Not married, divorced, separated or widowed

118 (5.3)

5.9

0.9 (0.4–1.9)

0.7 (0.3–1.6)

22.0

1.4 (0.9–2.2)

1.5 (1.0–2.4)

2.5

1.4 (0.4–4.4)

1.6 (0.5–5.5)

Type of employment

 Farming at home

1010 (45.3)

6.3

1.0

1.0

15.7

1.0

1.0

1.9

1.0

1.0

 Working in local area

366 (16.4)

6.3

1.0 (0.6–1.6)

1.1 (0.6–1.8)

16.7

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

1.0 (0.7–1.5)

1.4

0.7 (0.3–1.9)

0.7 (0.2–1.8)

 Working outside local area

662 (29.7)

7.1

1.1 (0.8–1.7)

1.2 (0.8–1.9)

16.9

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

1.0 (0.8–1.4)

2.1

1.1 (0.6–2.3)

1.0 (0.5–2.1)

 Other

190 (8.5)

7.9

1.3 (0.7–2.3)

1.5 (0.8–2.8)

23.2

1.6 (1.1–2.4)

1.5 (1.0–2.2)

2.6

1.4 (0.5–3.8)

1.2 (0.4–3.5)

Cigarette smokingc

 Never

760 (34.1)

6.8

1.0

1.0

14.6

1.0

1.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

 Ever

1468 (65.9)

6.6

1.0 (0.7–1.4)

0.9 (0.7–1.4)

18.1

1.3 (1.0–1.6)

1.3 (1.0–1.6)

1.9

1.0 (0.5–1.8)

1.0 (0.5–2.0)

Alcohol consumptionc

 Never

1418 (63.6)

7.1

1.0

1.0

15.7

1.0

1.0

1.9

1.0

1.0

 Ever

810 (36.4)

6.1

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

19.0

1.3 (1.0–1.6)

1.1 (0.9–1.4)

2.0

1.0 (0.6–1.9)

1.0 (0.5–1.8)

History of oral diseasec

 Never

2188 (98.2)

6.5

1.0

1.0

17.0

—

—

2.0

—

—

 Ever

40 (1.8)

15.0

2.5 (1.0–6.1)

2.8 (1.1–7.1)

10.0

—

—

0.0

—

—

Number of missing teeth

 None

382 (17.2)

7.1

1.0

1.0

18.0

—

—

2.1

1.0

1.0

 1–10

1639 (73.6)

6.5

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

0.9 (0.6–1.4)

16.6

—

—

1.9

0.9 (0.4–2.0)

1.0 (0.4–2.1)

 >10

185 (8.3)

7.0

1.0 (0.5–2.0)

0.8 (0.4–1.7)

15.7

—

—

2.2

1.0 (0.3–3.5)

1.6 (0.4–6.2)

 P value for trendd

  

0.890

0.551

 

—

—

 

0.965

0.694

Wash external genitalia before sex

 Occasionally or never

1820 (81.7)

6.9

1.0

1.0

16.5

1.0

1.0

1.9

1.0

1.0

 Often or every time

408 (18.3)

5.6

0.8 (0.5–1.3)

0.9 (0.5–1.4)

18.6

1.2 (0.9–1.5)

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

2.2

1.2 (0.6–2.5)

1.2 (0.5–2.5)

Oral sex practices

 Never

2141 (96.1)

6.5

1.0

1.0

16.9

1.0

1.0

2.0

1.0

1.0

 Ever

87 (3.9)

10.3

1.6 (0.8–3.4)

1.7 (0.8–3.5)

16.1

0.9 (0.5–1.7)

0.8 (0.4–1.5)

1.1

0.6 (0.1–4.3)

0.6 (0.1–4.9)

Lifetime number of sexual partners

 0–1

1903 (85.4)

6.7

1.0

1.0

14.8

1.0

1.0

1.7

1.0

1.0

 2

115 (5.2)

7.0

1.0 (0.5–2.2)

1.1 (0.5–2.3)

25.2

1.9 (1.2–3.0)

1.9 (1.2–3.0)

4.3

2.6 (1.0–6.7)

2.6 (1.0–7.0)

 ≥3

210 (9.4)

6.7

1.0 (0.6–1.8)

0.9 (0.5–1.7)

31.0

2.6 (1.9–3.5)

2.7 (1.9–3.7)

2.4

1.4 (0.5–3.6)

1.5 (0.6–4.0)

 P value for trendd

  

0.975

0.918

 

<0.001

<0.001

 

0.241

0.197

  1. Abbreviation: HPV, human papillomavirus; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
  2. “—” denotes that the indicated variables were not included in the logistic regression models.
  3. aData for the oral cavity and external genitalia category include the subset of men with HPV in both sites.
  4. bAdjusted ORs and 95% CIs were calculated by multivariate logistic regression models including all listed variables.
  5. cCigarette smoking was defined as consuming an average of one cigarette or more per day for ≥12 months and alcohol consumption was defined as drinking Chinese liquor at least twice per week for ≥12 months. A history of oral disease was defined as self-reported oral ulcers, gum disease, or chronic oral inflammation in the preceding 12 months.
  6. dP values for trends were derived by logistic regression analyses taking categorical variables as continuous variables.
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