Table 1 Characteristics of Prospective Studies on Weight Loss and Hip Fracture.
Source | No. of participants | Location/Period | Gender | Age (years) | No. of casesa | Measure/Range of Loss | Study Qualityb | Adjustment for Covariatesc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Langlois et al. 1998 | 2413 | United States 1985–1992 | M | 67–104 | 72 HF | Weight Loss: Q1≤5% 5% < Q2 < 10% Q3≥10% | 7 | BMI at age 50 year, age, number of medical conditions, low mental status score, physical disability. |
Langloiset al. 2001 | 2180 | United States 1982–1992 | F | 50–74 | 171 HF | Weight Loss: Q1≤5% 5% < Q2 < 10% Q3≥10% | 8 | BMI, age at baseline; cigarette smoking (current, former, never); history of chronic diseases based on self-reported doctors’ diagnoses of bronchitis, thyroid disease, diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease or stroke; and alcohol consumption (none or any consumed in the past year). |
Meyer et al. 1998 | 39089 | Norway 1974–1978 | F:19938 M:19151 | 37–58 | 207HF | Weight Loss (kg/12 years): F:Q1:Loss of 1.3 to gain of 1.5 Q2:Loss of >1.3 M:Q1:Loss of 0.9 to gain of 2.0 Q2:Loss of >0.9 | 9 | Age at screening, weight variability (root mean square error), mean body mass index, body height, self-reported physical activity at work and during leisure, diabetes mellitus, disability pension, marital status and smoking habits. |
Amador et al. 2006 | 1749 | United States 1993–2001 | F: 1008 M: 741 | ≥65 | 18HF | Weight Loss: Q1≤10% Q2 > 10% | 7 | Sociodemographic variables included age and gender, smoking status, medical conditions, depressed symptomatology, BMI, waist circumference, grip strength. |
Langlois et al. 1996 | 3683 | United States 1983–1992 | F | 67–104 | 253HF | Weight Loss: Q1≤5% 5% < Q2 < 10% Q3≥10% | 8 | Age at baseline, body mass index at age 50 years, cigarette smoking, alcoholconsumption in the past year, number of medical conditions, impaired mobility and use of thiazide diuretics. |
Ensrud et al. 2003 | 6785 | United States 1986–2001 | F | ≥65 | 400HF | Weight Loss: Q1<5% Q2≥5% | 8 | Age, health status, smoking, physical activity, medical conditions, history of fracture, BMI, neuromuscular function and hipbone density. |
Mussolino et al. 1998 | 2879 | United States 1982–1992 | M | 45–74 | 71HF | Weight Loss: Q1≤5% 5%<Q2<10% Q3≥10% | 8 | Self-reported data on age at baseline, previous fractures other than hip (none, any), smoking status (current, not current), alcohol consumption in the past year (none, any), nonrecreational physical activity (much, moderate, little or no exercise), chronic disease prevalence, calcium intake (mg/day), calories (kcal/day), protein consumption (g/day) and weight loss from maximum. |
French et al. 1996 | 33834 | United States 1986–1992 | F | 55–69 | 182HF | Weight loss: Q1≤10% Q2>10% | 7 | Baseline values of age, waist/hip ratio, BMI, BMI2, smoking status (never, former, current), pack years of cigarettes, education (<high school, high school, >high school), physical activity (low, medium, high), alcohol (0, <4, ≥4 g/d), marital status (yes/no), hormone replacement (never, former, current). |
