Figure 6
From: Fast-moving dislocations trigger flash weakening in carbonate-bearing faults during earthquakes
Evolution of microstructures (top diagrams), shear stress (gray in colour curve), slip-rate (dark gray curve), bulk temperature (red curve), estimated temperature from fast moving dislocation theory (Eq. 2, orange curve) in calcite marble with slip.
(a) For slip <1.5 mm, new dislocations are emitted and pile up at the intersections with microstructural obstacles (e.g., cleavage planes, grain boundary GB). (b) For 1.5 mm < slip < 5 mm, dislocations are released in “avalanches” forming nano-grains, (a–C) and inducing CO2 emission; (c) for slip >5 mm, the presence of (a–C) at the asperity contacts may lubricate the fault. The estimated bulk temperature increase is <100 °C after 1.5 mm of slip but fast dislocation avalanches may result in a temperature increase of > 1000 °C.
