Figure 1
Measurement and simulation results.
(A) Time series of measured defender’s (blue) and attacker’s (red) mediolateral velocity and vertical ground reaction forces (Fz) of defender’s leading foot (blue) and trailing foot (red) in a successful-attack trial. We separated three phases based on the defender’s initiation (blue dot), defined as the initial rise in velocity. The determination phase was defined as the period from 0.4 s before the defender’s initiation to the defender’s initiation in which the outcome of the game was determined (successful attack or failure). The pre-determination phase was the period immediately previous to the determination phase. The skirmish phase was all remaining phases. In each phase, we categorised into two ground reaction force (GRF) states (NW: non-weighted and W: weighted). (B) Time series of simulated defender’s (blue) and attacker’s (red) acceleration and velocity. Two types of discrete motor command (maximum and feinting) were input and transformed into sinusoidal acceleration in motor module. (C) Measured successful-attack rate histogram as a function of preparatory GRF state. We assumed that the preparatory body state increases with the decreased defender’s preparatory GRF state. (D) Simulated successful-attack rate histogram as a function of defender’s preparatory body state in observed (solid) and non-observed (dashed) condition. τinitial and τpenalty were set to 0 and 0.2 s, respectively.
