Table 2 Association of baseline homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 with incident chronic kidney diseasea.

From: Hyperhomocysteinemia predicts renal function decline: a prospective study in hypertensive adults

Variables

Subjects (N)

CKD Events (n[%])

Crude Model

Adjusted Modelb

Hcy, FA, vitamin B12 Fully Adjusted Modelc

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

OR (95% CI)

P

Homocysteine (μmol/L)

 Continuous (log transformed)

2387

69 (2.9)

3.32 (2.12 ~ 5.21)

<0.001

2.17 (1.15 ~ 4.10)

0.017

2.44 (1.26 ~ 4.72)

0.008

Tertiles:

 Tertile 1 (men<12.8 μM/L, women <10.2 μMmol/L)

796

7 (0.9)

1 (ref)

–

1 (ref)

–

1 (ref)

–

 Tertile 2 (men12.8–16.5 μM/L, women 10.2–13.1 μMmol/L)

793

16 (2.0)

2.32 (0.95 ~ 5.67)

0.065

1.29 (0.51 ~ 3.29)

0.591

1.50 (0.55 ~ 4.1)

0.428

 Tertile 3 (men>16.5 μM/L, women >13.1 μM/L)

798

46 (5.8)

6.89 (3.09 ~ 15.37)

<0.001

2.46 (1.05 ~ 5.77)

0.038

3.23 (1.25 ~ 8.35)

0.016

 P for trend

   

<0.001

 

0.011

 

0.003

Folate (nmol/L)

 Continuous (per 5 nmol/L increase)

2296

68 (3.0)

0.72 (0.47 ~ 1.10)

0.129

0.83 (0.54 ~ 1.28)

0.409

0.92 (0.62 ~ 1.37)

0.685

Tertiles:

 Tertile 1 (men<5.1 nM/L, women<6.3 nM/L)

765

26 (3.4)

1 (ref)

−

1 (ref)

−

1 (ref)

–

 Tertile 2 (men5.1 ~ 7.2 nM/L, women:6.3 ~ 9.2 nM/L)

765

23 (3.0)

0.88 (0.50 ~ 1.56)

0.663

1.06 (0.57 ~ 1.97)

0.849

1.17 (0.63 ~ 2.20)

0.618

 Tertile 3 (men>7.2 nM/L, women >9.2 nM/L)

766

19 (2.5)

0.72 (0.40~1.32)

0.289

0.99 (0.52 ~ 1.90)

0.974

1.31 (0.67 ~ 2.59)

0.431

 P for trend

   

0.290

 

0.985

 

0.422

Vitamin B12 (pg/ml)

 Continuous (per 100 pg/ml increase)

2296

68 (3.0)

1.04 (0.91 ~ 1.20)

0.542

1.03 (0.89 ~ 1.19)

0.681

1.08 (0.94 ~ 1.24)

0.283

Tertiles:

 Tertile 1 (<341.7 pg/ml)

765

20 (2.6)

1 (ref)

–

1 (ref)

–

1 (ref)

–

 Tertile 2 (341.7 ~ 430.2pg/ml)

765

29 (3.8)

1.47 (0.82 ~ 2.62)

0.194

1.41 (0.75 ~ 2.66)

0.283

1.63 (0.86 ~ 3.09)

0.138

 Tertile 3 (>430.2 pg/ml)

766

19 (2.5)

0.95 (0.50 ~ 1.79)

0.868

0.88 (0.44 ~ 1.77)

0.728

1.17 (0.56 ~ 2.41)

0.678

 P for trend

   

0.877

 

0.708

 

0.655

  1. Abbreviations: ACEIs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FA, folate; Hcy, homocysteine; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
  2. aIncident chronic kidney disease was defined as follow-up eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and eGFR decline rate >1 ml/min/1.73 m2/year.
  3. bHomocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 were individually included in the multivariate model as continuous or categorical variables. Model was adjusted for age, gender, SBP, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, body mass index, eGFR, previous use of ACEIs/ARBs and SBP at the endpoint of the follow-up.
  4. cHomocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 were all included in the multivariate model as continuous or categorical variables. Model was adjusted for age, gender, SBP, diabetes, smoking, cholesterol, HDL-C, triglycerides, body mass index, eGFR, previous use of ACEIs/ARBs and SBP at the endpoint of the follow-up.
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