Table 2 Life-table parameters of Coleomegilla maculata fed with M. persicae that fed on Cry1Ac broccoli, Cry1C broccoli, non-Bt broccoli and lambda-cyhalothrin-treated broccoli.
From: Bt crops benefit natural enemies to control non-target pests
Parameters | Cry1Ac Broccoli | Cry1C Broccoli | Non-Bt Broccoli | Lambda-cyhalothrin | Lambda-cyhalothrina | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
†Survival (%) | 93.3 a | 93.3 a | 93.3 a | 0 b | 0 b | χ2 = 150.9; df = 4; P < 0.001 |
*Development time (days) | ||||||
1st instar stage | 2.1 ± 0.1 (30) | 2.2 ± 0.1 (28) | 2.3 ± 0.1 (29) | — | / | F = 1.48; df = 2, 86; P = 0.23 |
2nd instar stage | 1.9 ± 0.1 (30) | 1.9 ± 0.1 (28) | 1.9 ± 0.1 (28) | — | / | F = 0.02; df = 2, 85; P = 0.98 |
3rd instar stage | 2.0 ± 0.1 (30) | 2.1 ± 0.1 (28) | 2.1 ± 0.1 (28) | — | / | F = 2.51; df = 2, 85; P = 0.09 |
4th instar stage | 4.0 ± 0.1 (28) | 4.0 ± 0.1 (28) | 4.1 ± 0.1 (28) | — | — | F = 0.09; df = 2, 83; P = 0.96 |
Pupal stage | 3.4 ± 0.1 (28) | 3.3 ± 0.01 (28) | 3.3 ± 0.1 (28) | — | — | F = 0.34; df = 2, 83; P = 0.71 |
Larvae-adults | 13.3 ± 0.1 (28) | 13.5 ± 0.1 (28) | 13.6 ± 0.1 (28) | — | — | F = 2.20; df = 2, 83; P = 0.12 |
*Female fresh weight (mg) | 11.8 ± 0.3 (15) | 11.8 ± 0.2 (13) | 12.2 ± 0.2 (17) | — | — | F = 1.11; df = 2, 44; P = 0.34 |
*Male fresh weight (mg) | 9.8 ± 0.2 (13) | 9.2 ± 0.2 (15) | 9.8 ± 0.3 (11) | — | — | F = 1.65; df = 2, 38; P = 0.21 |
*Total fecundity | 70.0 ± 10.4 (10) | 78.8 ± 19.3 (10) | 75.4 ± 15.8 (10) | — | — | F = 0.08; df = 2, 29; P = 0.93 |
*Egg hatching rate (%) | 70.7 ± 4.3 (30) | 76.4 ± 2.2 (30) | 72.6 ± 4.2 (30) | — | — | F = 0.66; df = 2, 89; P = 0.52 |
