Figure 1

Experimental set up of FFWTT.
The test sample was placed in-between two filter papers and a compression loading was put on top of them. Syringe pump was utilised to supply water to the sample at a constant flow rate. The sample stage and the syringe pump were connected by the water tube. (a) 3D drawing of FFWTT and (b) Schematic diagram of FFWTT.