Table 1 Results of occupancy models for Long-tailed Macaque using distance to large continuous (distance to oil palm plantation) and small patchy (distance to water) remote sensed habitat features at different spatial resolutions as covariate, estimated from camera-trapping data collected between 2008 and 2010 in three commercial forest reserves in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

From: Defining habitat covariates in camera-trap based occupancy studies

Pixel size

AIC

ΔAIC

wAIC

β1*

SE

CV

p-value**

Distance to oil palm plantation

 90

331.48

0

0.250

−0.72

0.29

0.4

0.012

 5

331.5

0.02

0.247

−0.72

0.29

0.4

0.012

 30

331.5

0.02

0.247

−0.72

0.29

0.4

0.012

 250

331.55

0.07

0.241

−0.72

0.29

0.4

0.012

 —

337.05

5.57

0.015

Distance to water

 5

301.13

0

0.997

−3.59

0.92

0.26

<0.001

 30

312.86

11.73

0.003

−2.32

0.64

0.28

<0.001

 90

330.35

29.22

0

−0.96

0.39

0.41

0.014

 250

335.41

34.28

0

−0.49

0.27

0.55

0.074

 —

337.05

35.92

0

  1. ΔAIC: difference in AIC to top model, wAIC = AIC model weights, β1 = regression coefficient, SE = regression coefficient standard error, CV = coefficient of variation of β1 (SE/|β1|), — denotes constant occupancy model.
  2. *Positive regression coefficients indicate positive association with distance to features, i.e. negative association to features. Negative regression coefficients indicate negative association with distance to features, i.e. positive association to features.
  3. **Bold font indicates significance at the 0.05 level.