Table 1 Comparison of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics according to tertile of LA strain.

From: Prognostic role of left atrial strain and its combination index with transmitral E-wave velocity in patients with atrial fibrillation

Characteristics

Tertile 1 (LA strain

Tertile 2 (LA strain:

Tertile 3 (LA strain

P

All patients

>17.75%, n = 63)

13.60–17.75%, n = 63)

<13.60%, n = 64)

(n = 190)

Age (year)

68 ± 10

71 ± 9

72 ± 10*

0.025

70 ± 10

Male gender

41 (65%)

39 (64%)

48 (75%)

0.438

67%

Diabetes mellitus

18 (29%)

20 (32%)

14(22%)

0.444

27%

Hypertension

40 (63%)

42 (67%)

43 (67%)

0.894

66%

CAD

4 (6%)

3 (5%)

13 (20%)*#

0.007

11%

Stroke

7 (11%)

11 (17%)

15 (23%)

0.186

17%

CHF

8 (13%)

19 (30%)*

27 (42%)*

0.001

29%

CHA2DS2-VASc score

2.83 ± 1.80

3.56 ± 1.83

3.80 ± 1.66*

0.006

3.39 ± 1.80

SBP (mmHg)

133 ± 22

128 ± 17

136 ± 19

0.085

133 ± 20

DBP (mmHg)

78 ± 12

76 ± 12

78 ± 14

0.569

77 ± 12

Heart rate (min−1)

77 ± 17

86 ± 20*

86 ± 22*

0.018

83 ± 20

Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.6 ± 3.8

26.3 ± 4.4

25.7 ± 4.2

0.450

26.3 ± 4.1

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

123 ± 95

111 ± 56

133 ± 80

0.421

123 ± 79

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

169 ± 32

174 ± 34

176 ± 41

0.576

173 ± 36

Medications

 ACEI and/or ARB use

32 (51%)

34 (54%)

38 (59%)

0.617

54%

 β-blocker use

29 (46%)

27 (43%)

27 (42%)

0.897

44%

 CCB use

24 (38%)

26 (41%)

15 (23%)

0.077

34%

 Diuretics use

25 (40%)

22 (35%)

33 (52%)

0.147

42%

 Antiplatelet use

41 (65%)

35 (56%)

36 (56%)

0.479

59%

 Anticoagulant use

11 (17%)

20 (32%)

24 (38)*

0.038

29%

Echocardiographic data

 LAVI (ml/m2)

43 ± 16

44 ± 15

56 ± 24*#

<0.001

48 ± 20

 LVEDD (mm)

50 ± 7

51 ± 7

54 ± 9*

0.005

52 ± 8

 LVESD (mm)

32 ± 7

36 ± 8

39 ± 11*

<0.001

36 ± 9

 LVMI (g/m2)

127 ± 36

129 ± 35

155 ± 43*#

0.001

137 ± 40

 LVEF (%)

62 ± 10

56 ± 12

46 ± 16*#

<0.001

55 ± 14

 E (cm/s)

98 ± 21

96 ± 21

96 ± 25

0.859

97 ± 23

 EDT (ms)

152 ± 45

143 ± 38

152 ± 53

0.451

149 ± 46

 E’ (cm/s)

10.3 ± 2.5

8.9 ± 1.7*

7.4 ± 1.9*#

<0.001

8.8 ± 2.4

 E/E’

10.1 ± 3.8

11.3 ± 3.8

13.8 ± 5.2*#

<0.001

11.8 ± 4.5

 LA strain (%)

22.02 ± 3.73

15.65 ± 1.21*

11.14 ± 1.98*#

<0.001

16.24 ± 5.14

 E/LA strain (m/s)

4.53 ± 1.14

6.21 ± 1.53*

8.81 ± 2.61*#

<0.001

6.53 ± 2.57

  1. ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; CAD: coronary artery disease; CCB: calcium channel blocker; CHF: chronic heart failure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EDT: E wave deceleration time; LA: left atrial; LAVI: left atrial volume index; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
  2. *P < 0.05 compared with tertile 1; #P < 0.05 compared with tertile 2.
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