Table 2 Predictors of cardiovascular events (cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke) using Cox proportional hazards model.
Parameter | Univariate | Multivariate (Forward) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
Age | 1.048 (1.022–1.075) | <0.001 | 1.044 (1.017–1.071) | 0.001 |
Male gender | 1.204 (0.715–2.026) | 0.485 |  |  |
Diabetes mellitus | 1.190 (0.706–2.005) | 0.513 |  |  |
Hypertension | 0.788 (0.486–1.278) | 0.335 |  |  |
CAD (%) | 1.910 (1.002–3.642) | 0.049 |  |  |
Stroke (%) | 0.969 (0.508–1.848) | 0.923 |  |  |
CHF (%) | 3.025 (1.883–4.858) | <0.001 | 2.308 (1.400–3.807) | 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 1.004 (0.991–1.018) | 0.531 |  |  |
DBP (mmHg) | 1.005 (0.983–1.027) | 0.661 |  |  |
Heart rate (min−1) | 1.004 (0.993–1.016) | 0.465 |  |  |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.900 (0.841–0.962) | 0.002 |  |  |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 0.998 (0.994–1.002) | 0.393 |  |  |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 0.994 (0.986–1.002) | 0.119 |  |  |
Medications | ||||
 ACEI and/or ARB use (%) | 1.126 (0.698–1.817) | 0.626 |  |  |
 β-blocker use (%) | 1.015 (0.631–1.632) | 0.950 |  |  |
 CCB use (%) | 1.125 (0.685–1.850) | 0.642 |  |  |
 Diuretics use (%) | 1.902 (1.184–3.058) | 0.008 |  |  |
 Antiplatelet use (%) | 1.064 (0.656–1.726) | 0.803 |  |  |
 Anticoagulant use (%) | 0.975 (0.574–1.654) | 0.924 |  |  |
Echocardiographic data | ||||
 LAVI (ml/m2) | 1.012 (0.999–1.024) | 0.065 |  |  |
 LVEDD (mm) | 1.031 (0.999–1.064) | 0.056 |  |  |
 LVESD (mm) | 1.039 (1.013–1.067) | 0.004 |  |  |
 LVMI (g/m2) | 1.013 (1.007–1.019) | <0.001 | 1.011 (1.005–1.016) | <0.001 |
 LVEF (%) | 0.968 (0.953–0.984) | <0.001 |  |  |
 E (cm/s) | 1.009 (0.999–1.019) | 0.070 |  |  |
 EDT (ms) | 1.004 (1.000–1.008) | 0.037 |  |  |
 E’ (cm/s) | 0.783 (0.704–0.872) | <0.001 |  |  |
 E/E’ | 1.099 (1.060–1.140) | <0.001 |  |  |
 LA strain (%) | 0.871 (0.820–0.925) | <0.001 |  |  |
 E/LA strain (m/s) | 1.217 (1.131–1.310) | <0.001 | 1.182 (1.086–1.286) | <0.001 |
