Table 1 Characteristics and clinical outcomes of 1886 patients, by diagnosed infection, October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012.
From: Mortality Benefits of Antibiotic Computerised Decision Support System: Modifying Effects of Age
Characteristics | Diagnosed infection | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pneumonia | Sepsis | Urinary tract infection | Hepatobiliary or Intra-abdominal | Others | |
Total, N (%) | 1213 (64.3) | 215 (11.4) | 182 (9.7) | 147 (7.8) | 129 (6.8) |
Demographic data | |||||
Age, mean (SD) | 74.9 (14.5) | 69.0 (15.9) | 72.7 (16.7) | 66.7 (17.2) | 62.5 (16.0) |
Males, N (%) | 710 (58.5) | 119 (55.3) | 75 (41.2) | 79 (53.7) | 71 (55.0) |
Ethnicity, N (%) | |||||
Chinese | 986 (81.3) | 155 (72.1) | 127 (69.8) | 110 (74.8) | 84 (65.1) |
Malay | 105 (8.7) | 25 (11.6) | 26 (14.3) | 13 (8.8) | 24 (18.6) |
Indian | 82 (6.8) | 19 (8.8) | 17 (9.3) | 8 (5.4) | 8 (6.2) |
Other | 40 (3.3) | 16 (7.4) | 12 (6.6) | 16 (10.9) | 13 (10.1) |
Singapore residents, N (%) | 1170 (96.5) | 203 (94.4) | 174 (95.6) | 135 (91.8) | 118 (91.5) |
Private ward class, N (%) | 104 (8.6) | 20 (9.3) | 16 (8.8) | 20 (13.6) | 12 (9.3) |
Medical history | |||||
Co-morbidities, N (%) | |||||
Diabetes mellitus | 384 (31.7) | 69 (32.1) | 72 (39.6) | 41 (27.9) | 44 (34.1) |
Cardiovascular disease | 237 (19.5) | 40 (18.6) | 24 (13.2) | 16 (10.9) | 22 (17.1) |
Liver disease | 32 (2.6) | 10 (4.7) | 9 (5.0) | 16 (10.9) | 1 (0.8) |
Renal disease | 241 (19.9) | 52 (24.2) | 48 (26.4) | 22 (15.0) | 26 (20.2) |
Neoplasia | 181 (14.9) | 40 (18.6) | 20 (11.0) | 39 (26.5) | 15 (11.6) |
CNS disease | 277 (22.8) | 48 (22.3) | 44 (24.2) | 9 (6.1) | 16 (12.4) |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 143 (11.8) | 6 (2.8) | 6 (3.3) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (0.8) |
Charlson’s comorbidity index >5, N (%) | 151 (12.4) | 35 (16.3) | 25 (13.7) | 33 (22.4) | 11 (8.5) |
Prior hospitalisation, N (%) | 478 (39.4) | 90 (41.9) | 90 (49.5) | 52 (35.4) | 41 (31.8) |
Prior antibiotics, N (%) | 939 (77.4) | 166 (77.2) | 156 (85.7) | 111 (75.5) | 104 (80.6) |
Prior proton pump inhibitors, N (%) | 721 (59.4) | 143 (66.5) | 138 (75.8) | 92 (62.6) | 79 (61.2) |
Current Admission | |||||
Length of stay prior to antibiotics, mean (SD) | 8.9 (26.0) | 8.7 (14.7) | 11.1 (15.8) | 5.5 (8.1) | 14.9 (47.9) |
Day of antibiotic prescription, N (%) | |||||
Weekend or Public Holiday | 357 (29.4) | 46 (21.4) | 60 (33.0) | 40 (27.2) | 33 (25.6) |
Weekday | 856 (70.6) | 169 (78.6) | 122 (67.0) | 107 (72.8) | 96 (74.4) |
Time of antibiotic prescription, N (%) | |||||
Nighta | 468 (38.6) | 75 (34.9) | 54 (29.7) | 59 (40.1) | 43 (33.3) |
Day | 745 (61.4) | 140 (65.1) | 128 (70.3) | 88 (59.9) | 86 (66.7) |
Illness severity, N (%) | |||||
C-reactive proteinb > 100mg/l | 415 (38.4) | 74 (37.9) | 58 (34.5) | 58 (51.3) | 60 (52.6) |
Leukocyte count <4 or >12 ×10^9/l | 584 (48.1) | 123 (57.2) | 89 (48.9) | 88 (59.9) | 72 (55.8) |
Serum creatininec >130μmol/l | 293 (24.2) | 81 (37.7) | 49 (27.5) | 40 (27.6) | 43 (33.6) |
ICU admission, N (%) | 122 (10.1) | 40 (18.6) | 6 (3.3) | 30 (20.4) | 20 (15.5) |
Prescribing physician, N (%) | |||||
Senior | 118 (9.7) | 28 (13.0) | 18 (9.9) | 21 (14.3) | 6 (4.7) |
Junior | 1095 (90.3) | 187 (87.0) | 164 (90.1) | 126 (85.7) | 123 (95.3) |
Attending physician, N (%) | |||||
Ethnic Chinese | 887 (73.1) | 148 (68.8) | 141 (77.5) | 109 (74.1) | 97 (75.2) |
Ethnic Indian | 244 (20.1) | 42 (19.5) | 31 (17.0) | 31 (21.1) | 28 (21.7) |
Other ethnicity | 82 (6.8) | 25 (11.6) | 10 (5.5) | 7 (4.8) | 4 (3.1) |
Clinical specialties, N (%) | |||||
Medical | 986 (81.3) | 170 (79.1) | 142 (78.0) | 64 (43.5) | 63 (48.8) |
Surgical | 227 (18.7) | 45 (20.9) | 40 (22.0) | 83 (56.5) | 66 (51.2) |
Receipt of antibiotics according to ARUSC’s recommendations, N (%) | 403 (33.2) | 26 (12.1) | 13 (7.1) | 19 (12.9) | 9 (7.0) |
Clinical outcomes | |||||
30-day all-cause mortality, N (%) | 241 (19.9) | 62 (28.8) | 18 (9.9) | 26 (17.7) | 14 (10.9) |
180-day C. difficile infection, N (%) | 58 (4.8) | 8 (3.7) | 15 (8.2) | 1 (0.7) | 3 (2.3) |
180-day MDRO infection, N (%) | 69 (5.7) | 12 (5.6) | 25 (13.7) | 13 (8.8) | 21 (16.3) |
Survivors at hospital discharge | |||||
Total Survivors, N (%) | 953 (63.9) | 144 (9.7) | 163 (10.9) | 119 (8.0) | 113 (7.6) |
30-day infection-related readmission | 111 (11.6) | 15 (10.4) | 18 ((11.0) | 6 (5.0) | 17 (15.0) |
