Figure 1
From: Contrasting levels of absorption of intense femtosecond laser pulses by solids

Schematic of experimental set up.
An infrared, 30 fs laser pulse, focused by an off-axis-parabola (OAP) excites the target (T) at 45° of incidence. The reflected pulse is fed into a pyroelectric energy meter (EM) after getting collimated by a lens (L). Front side harmonic emission is captured by a spectrometer (SM). An image plate (IP), cover with Al foil, records angular distribution of fast electrons. The energy spectra of fast electron along the laser axis (J × B) is measured by an electron spectrometer (ESM). BG: Schott BG-39 filter, RN: rear normal.