Table 1 Characteristic of studies included in the meta-analysis.
From: Association between cadmium exposure and renal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Study | Year | Country | Study design | No. of patients | No. of subjects | Sex | Age,Median(Range),yrs | Exposure type | Study period | Adjustment for covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kolonel LN | 1976 | United States | A case-control study | 64 | 333 | M | NA(50-79) | Occupational exposure | 1957-1964 | Unadjust |
Armstrong BG | 1985 | Britain | A nested case-control study | 9 | 36 | W and M | NA(NA) | Occupational exposure | NA | Unadjust |
Partanen T | 1991 | Finland | A case-control study | 408 | 1227 | W and M | 63(26–95) | Occupational exposure | 1977–1978 | Unadjust |
McCredie M | 1993 | United States | A population based case-control study | 489 | 1012 | W and M | NA(20–79) | Occupational exposure | 1989–1991 | Adjusted for age, sex, method of interview and education. |
Mandel JS | 1995 | Mixed countres (Austrial,Denmark,Germany,Sweden and United States) | A multicenter collaborative case-control study | 1732 | 4041 | W and M | NA(5–68+) | Occupational exposure | 1961–1979 | Adjusted for age, smoking status, heating oils, kerosene, diesel fuel. body-mass index, education and study center. |
PeschB | 2000 | German and British | A case-control study | 935 | 5233 | W and M | NA(40–-80+) | Occupational exposure | 1991–1995 | Adjusted for age, study centre and smoking. |
Hu J | 2002 | Canada | A case-control study | 1279 | 6649 | W and M | NA(20–70+) | Occupational exposure | 1994–1997 | Adjusted for 10 year age groups, province, education,BMI(<20, 20-27, >27), pack-years of smoking, alcohol use and total comsuption of meat |
Boffetta P | 2011 | Europe | A hospital-based case-control study | 1097 | 2573 | W and M | NA(45––65+) | Occupational exposure | 1993–2003 | Adjusted for gender, age (5-year categories), study centre and known or suspected risk factors of RCC: place of residence (r ural/urban), tobacco smoking (non-smokers, ex-smokers and cur rent smokers of 1 e19, 20e 39 and 40 or more pack-years), body mass index (calculated as weight/height 2 and classi fied in five cate-gories: less than 25, 25e 27.4, 27.5 e29.9, 30e 34.9 and 35 or more kg/m 2) and self-reported histor y of hypertension. |
Garcia-Esqinas E | 2014 | United States | A prospective cohort study | 25 | 3792 | W and M | 56.2 (45–74) | Non-polluted exposure | 1989–1991 | Adjusted for sex, age, smoking status (never, former, current), cigarette pack-years (continuous) and BMI (<25, 25–30, ≥30 kg/m2). |
