Table 3 Results of overall subgroup analysis.
From: Association between cadmium exposure and renal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Total | Studies, N | Cases, N | Participants, N | OR (95% CI) | P-value | P of heterogeneity | I2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 6038 | 24896 | 1.47 (1.27–1.71) | 0.000 | 0.807 | 0.0 | |
Geographic region | |||||||
Europe | 5 | 2513 | 9402 | 1.42 (1.20–1.70) | 0.000 | 0.596 | 0.0 |
North America | 4 | 1793 | 11453 | 1.54 (1.04–2.28) | 0.030 | 0.671 | 0.0 |
Mixed population | 1 | 1732 | 4041 | 2.00 (1.01–3.95) | 0.046 | NA | NA |
Effect size | |||||||
OR | 7 | 3792 | 116051 | 1.46 (1.24–1.71) | 0.000 | 0.653 | 0.0 |
RR | 2 | 2221 | 5053 | 1.63(0.95–2.82) | 0.079 | 0.327 | 0.0 |
HR | 1 | 25 | 3792 | 1.39 (0.43–4.54) | 0.585 | NA | NA |
Sample size | |||||||
Large | 7 | 5940 | 20735 | 1.46 (1.24–1.71) | 0.000 | 0.894 | 0.0 |
Small | 3 | 98 | 4161 | 1.64 (0.83–3.25) | 0.155 | 0.232 | 31.6 |
Adjustment for covariates | |||||||
Yes | 7 | 5557 | 23300 | 1.45 (1.23–1.72) | 0.000 | 0.894 | 0.0 |
NO | 3 | 481 | 1596 | 1.57 (1.00–2.47) | 0.050 | 0.230 | 31.9 |
NOS score | |||||||
High | 8 | 5965 | 24527 | 1.46 (1.24–1.71) | 0.000 | 0.943 | 0.0 |
Low | 2 | 73 | 369 | 1.23 (0.21–7.11) | 0.817 | 0.094 | 64.4 |
Study design | |||||||
Case control study | 9 | 6013 | 21104 | 1.47 (1.26–1.72) | 0.000 | 0.726 | 0.0 |
Cohort | 1 | 25 | 3793 | 1.39 (0.43–4.54) | 0.585 | NA | NA |
Exposure type | |||||||
Occupational exposure | 9 | 6013 | 21104 | 1.47 (1.26–1.72) | 0.000 | 0.726 | 0.0 |
Non-occupational exposurre | 1 | 25 | 3792 | 1.39 (0.43–4.54) | 0.585 | NA | NA |
Gender | |||||||
Male | 3 | NA | NA | 1.40 (1.16–1.69) | 0.001 | 0.740 | 0.0 |
Female | 3 | NA | NA | 1.64 (1.09–2.47) | 0.019 | 0.243 | 29.3 |
