Figure 3
Exposure to high glucose levels did not limit the proliferation of cranial neural crest cells.
The chick embryos were exposed to simple saline (control) and high glucose (L-Glucose and D-Glucose) for 48 hours before being harvested for Pax7, AP-2α and pHIS3 immunofluorescent staining. (A–C) Immunofluorescent staining against Pax7 was performed in the control and high glucose-treated embryos. The fluorescent images of the transverse sections at the same level focus on the cranial neural crest cells and dorsal-side neural tubes labeled by Pax7 in the control (A), L-Glucose-treated (B) and D-Glucose-treated (C) embryos. (A’-C’) Immunofluorescent staining against pHIS3 was performed on the same transverse sections as in (A–C), respectively. (A”–C”) The merged images of (A–C) and (A’–C’) added by DAPI staining, respectively. (D) The bar chart showing the comparison of Pax7 positive cranial neural crest cells between the control and high glucose-treated embryos. (E) The bar chart showing the comparison of both Pax7 and pHIS3 positive cranial neural crest cells between the control and high glucose-treated embryos. (F–H) Immunofluorescent staining against AP-2α was performed in the control and high glucose-treated embryos. The fluorescent images of the transverse sections at the same level focus on the migratory cranial neural crest cells labeled by AP-2α in the control (F), L-Glucose-treated (G) and D-Glucose-treated (H) embryos. (F’–H’) Immunofluorescent staining against pHIS3 was performed on the same transverse sections as in (F–H), respectively. (F”–H”) The merged images of (F–H) and (F’–H’) added by DAPI staining, respectively. (I) The bar chart showing the comparison of AP-2α positive migratory cranial neural crest cells between the control and high glucose-treated embryos. (J) The bar chart showing the comparison of both AP-2α and pHIS3 positive migratory cranial neural crest cells between the control and high glucose-treated embryos. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate significant differences between the experimental and control embryos. Abbreviations: Con, control; L-Glc, L-Glucose; D-Glc, D-Glucose; CNCC, cranial neural crest cell. Scale bars = 100 μm in (A–H), (A’–H’) and (A”–H”).
