Figure 5

(a) Schematic indication of the defined boundary of the subsidiary manifold and the main pneumatic microchannel (right image: close-up micrograph). (b) Measured times required for the culture medium to reach the defined boundary of the 3 subsidiary manifolds under different pneumatic pressure conditions (−2 to −25 kPa). Inset: Coefficient of variation (C.V.) of the aforementioned times required for the 3 subsidiary manifolds tested under different pneumatic pressure conditions (−2 to −25 kPa). (c) Sequential microscopic images of liquid flows in the 3 subsidiary manifolds under different time frames (0.41, 0.42 and 0.43 sec) (Given pneumatic pressure: −15 kPa).