Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Magnetization switching by combining electric field and spin-transfer torque effects in a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction

Figure 3

Magnetization dynamics driven by the combined STT and E-field effects.

(a,b) Temporal dynamic processes of magnetization switching driven by STT without and with the T⊥ torque, respectively, at the same current density of 1.0×1011 A/m2. The in-plane component of the external field is 23 mT and the E-field pulse duration is 8 ns. (c,d) are the magnetization trajectories, which correspond to (a,b), respectively.

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