Figure 4
The dependence of magnetization state on the pulse duration of electric field.
(a) Temporal processes of magnetization switching driven by the combined effects at various pulse durations with both the T// and T⊥ torques. The initial state is the parallel state and the electric field pulse begins at t = 3 ns. The gray shadow area represents the non-switching zone when the electric pulse ends. The perpendicular component of the final magnetization as a function of E-field pulse duration after applying both the T// and T⊥ torques (b) or only the T// torque (c). τc is the critical value of pulse duration for deterministic switching.
