Figure 2
From: Measurement of Electron-Ion Relaxation in Warm Dense Copper
XANES and electron temperature.
Determination of electron temperature of WDCu by comparison of the experimental XANES (black solid curve) and calculations (blue). 6.5 MJ/kg at 2 ps (a) and 3.5 MJ/kg at 4 ps (b). For comparison, the ambient Cu spectrum is also shown (double dotted line). (c) Calculated warm dense XANES at various electron temperatures. (d) High temperature liquid and ambient solid Cu density of states used to calculate the Fermi distribution functions, which in turn, were used to calculate the XANES in c. (e) Evolution of electron temperatures in WDCu. Three different laser fluencies are irradiated on 70 nm copper foils. In the two temperature description, electrons and ions are equilibrated after ~10 ps. Final temperatures are approximately 13,000 K, 11,850 K and 6,400 K, respectively.
