Figure 9 | Scientific Reports

Figure 9

From: Anti-inflammatory effects of indirubin derivatives on influenza A virus-infected human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells

Figure 9

The schematic figure of immunomodulatory effects of indirubin derivatives against H9N2-infected HPMCEs.

Infection of H9N2 on HPMECs induced rapid phosphorylation of p38, JNK and STAT3. H9N2-induced expression of IP-10, RANTEs and IL-6 were mediated through JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Meanwhile the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 leaded to induction of IFN-β. Indirubin derivatives particularly E804 is a potent inhibitor of p38 and JNK signaling pathways. E804 could also reduce the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3. By inhibition of these signaling pathways, E804 could significantly suppress H9N2-induced cytokine burst in HPMECs.

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