Figure 1

(a) A schematic of three-electrode cell used for pulsed hybrid electrodeposition. (b) Curve of voltage, current and timing utilised during pulsed electrodeposition. (c) Elemental compositions of PHED-deposited CZTS thin films prior to the sulfurization process with different complexation durations. (d) An optical image illustrating the change of color of the electrolytic solution after the addition of Na2S2O3.