Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Facile Growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin-Film by One-Step Pulsed Hybrid Electrophoretic and Electroplating Deposition

Figure 3

(a) Flow diagram illustrations showing (top) evolution of C2–xS nanoparticle precipitate formation and (bottom) effect of the duration of complexation reaction between citrate and Sn2+ on deposition rate, (b) schematic illustration of the sulfurization process timing and (c) overall process flow showing PHED film deposition and sulfurization step for the formation of CZTS absorber.

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