Figure 4
From: Astrocyte-derived adenosine is central to the hypnogenic effect of glucose
Glucose sensitivity of NA (−) neurons in the VLPO relies on adenosine release.
(a,b) Reversible inhibitory (a) and excitatory (b) effects of bath-applied NA (20 μM) on the spontaneous firing activity of neurons referred to as NA (−) and NA (+), respectively. Recordings were performed in loose cell-attached configuration. The associated firing frequencies are represented in the lower trace of each figure. Inserts: Photomicrographs of the recorded neurons. Scale bar: 20 μm. (c) Box plots of NA (−) and NA (+) neuron firing frequencies in high (5 mM) and low (1 mM) glucose concentrations. (d) Box plots of NA (−) firing frequencies in 5 mM glucose, in the control condition, in ZM 241385 (A2AR antagonist; 10 μM) and after 1 min application of adenosine (ADO, 100 μM). The median is plotted as the central red bar of the box, the upper and lower quartiles are the edges of the box and the whiskers show the extremes of the distribution. Sample sizes are indicated in parentheses. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-test.
