Table 1 BATWING results of time of most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) and effective population size for groups of geographically categorized populations using (1) “observed” mutation rates⁶⁶, (2) “observed” mutation rates⁶⁵ (3) mutation rates predicted from logistic model⁶⁵ for J2a-M410 and J2b-M102 Y-STRs.

	TMRCA (KYA)			N (Effective Population Size)			TMRCA (KYA)			N (Effective Population Size)
	Median	2.5%	97.5%	Median	2.5%	97.5%	Median	2.5%	97.5%	Median	2.5%	97.5%
	J2a-M410						J2b-M102
Worldwide
(1)	6.0	2.9	12.6	796	563	1132	3.3	1.6	8.5	420	301	590
(2)	7.1	3.6	16.2	842	613	1142	4.5	2.2	10.9	579	428	784
(3)	9.9	4.6	24	1153	819	1609	6.3	3.1	15.7	807	595	1092
Northwest India
(1)	3.7	1	14.6	179	96	346	3.2	0.7	15.8	202	101	443
(2)	5.1	1.4	19.7	248	137	475	4.5	1	21.1	281	143	601
(3)	7.1	1.9	27.1	345	189	660	6.2	1.4	29.5	389	197	835
North India
(1)	3.1	0.7	14.3	236	119	509	2.5	0.4	16.1	129	55	351
(2)	4.3	1	19.5	331	169	703	3.5	0.6	21.6	180	78	477
(3)	6	1.4	26.5	457	233	956	4.8	0.8	30.1	252	108	671
South India
(1)	4.1	1.6	12.8	281	176	459	2.3	0.7	8	120	69	212
(2)	5.7	2.2	17.3	395	257	623	3.2	1	10.7	168	98	289
(3)	8	3	23.7	545	351	852	4.4	1.4	14.9	233	136	403
Central India
(1)	2.2	0.3	14.5	45	18	121	2.6	0.5	13.6	116	55	269
(2)	3.1	0.5	19.7	62	26	166	3.6	0.8	18.2	161	77	366
(3)	4.3	0.7	27.1	87	35	229	5	1	25.3	225	108	512
East India
(1)	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.2	0	1.9	4	0	16
(2)	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.2	0	2.7	5	1	22
(3)	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.3	0	3.7	7	1	30
Central Asia
(1)	4.9	1.6	16	290	175	500	—	—	—	—	—	—
(2)	6.7	2.3	21.2	392	246	648	—	—	—	—	—	—
(3)	9.2	3.2	29.4	546	339	904	—	—	—	—	—	—
Caucacus
(1)	3.8	2.1	8.6	446	338	588	—	—	—	—	—	—
(2)	5.3	2.7	11.1	585	455	733	—	—	—	—	—	—
(3)	7.4	3.6	16.3	799	579	1020	—	—	—	—	—	—
Europe
(1)	3.3	0.5	23.9	175	72	521	2.3	0.5	10.9	69	34	145
(2)	4.6	0.7	32.1	248	103	702	3.1	0.7	14.6	96	48	200
(3)	6.3	1	42.9	345	144	951	4.3	0.9	20.3	134	66	278

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