Figure 1

Pterostilbene (PS) suppressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6 in HCECs exposed to hyperosmotic medium.
Primary HCECs were cultured in isomolar (312 mOsm) medium, then switched to hyperosmotic medium (450 mOsm) alone or in the presence of PS in different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 μM) for 4 h to evaluate mRNA level by RT-qPCR (A); or for 24 h to measure protein level by ELISA (B). Data were summarized as mean ± SD from 5 separated experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, as compared with 312 mOsM; vP < 0.05,vvP < 0.01,vvvP < 0.001, as compared with 450 mOsM.