Figure 1
From: A Novel Equivalent Agglomeration Model for Heat Conduction Enhancement in Nanofluids

Schematic cross section of single nanoparticle with the interfacial ordered layer.
This structure which is formed by liquid molecules surrounding the particle surface plays an important role in explaining heat conduction enhancement in nanofluids. The non-constant thermal conductivity within interfacial ordered layer is assumed as the function of ,
and δ, where
.