Figure 2

Values of maximum thermal strain ε

(a) as a function of the thermal strain parameter for five alloys^{14,15,16,17,18} showing a linear relationship (b) as a function of H^3/2 for structural steel¹⁹, tool steel²⁰ and high strength low alloys steel²⁰ in welding (c) as a function of βΔT for low carbon steel¹⁵, IN 625¹⁴ and Ti-6Al-4V¹⁴ in AM.