Figure 1

Insulin deficiency reduced NPY-induced C-Fos in the PVH.

STZ-treated (150 mg/kg) insulin deficient mice and controls were icv administered with saline or NPY and C-Fos expression in the PVH was examined 2 hours later. (a) Representative pictures showing insulin (Red)- and glucagon (green)-immunoreative structures in pancreatic islets from controls (left panels) and insulin deficient mice (right panels). Bottom panels showed an islet with an amplified field (40×). (b) Food intake in both groups within the 2-hour testing period in response to saline or NPY treatment. (c) Representative pictures showing C-Fos immunoreactive neurons in the PVH of controls (upper panels), insulin deficient mice (bottom panels), saline treatment (left panels) and NPY treatment (right panels, 2 μg in 2 μl). (d) Statistical analysis of the number of C-Fos neurons in the PVH of mice described in (c). PVH: paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus; 3 V: the third ventricle. Scale bar: 100 μm in upper panels of (a), 25 μm in bottom panels of (a) and 500 μm in (c). Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 5–6, *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, two way ANOVA tests with tukey post hoc analyses.