Table 3 Comparisons of the therapeutic effects between different groups.

From: Altered periaqueductal gray resting state functional connectivity in migraine and the modulation effect of treatment

Outcome measures

VA1, n = 11

VA2, n = 11

VA3, n = 13

SA, n = 11

P value *

WT, n = 16

AG, n = 46

P value **

Headache intensity Mean (95%CI)

 End of treatment

3.18 (2.24; 4.12)

3.73 (2.82; 4.63)

3.15 (2.31; 3.99)

4.04 (3.09; 5.00)

0.351

5.72 (4.84; 6.59)

3.51 (3.10;3.93)

0.000

 End-baseline

−2.27 (−3.55; −0.99)

−1.59 (−2.42; −0.75)

−2.54 (−3.41; −1.66)

−1.14 (−2.80; 0.52)

0.242

0.06 (−0.68; 0.81)

−1.91 (−2.46; −1.37)

0.000

Headache frequency Mean (95%CI)

 End of treatment

4.18 (2.60; 5.77)

6.18 (4.13; 8.03)

4.08 (2.40; 5.76)

6.45 (3.97; 8.94)

0.107

8.63 (6.14; 11.11)

5.17 (4.27; 6.08)

0.012

 End-baseline

−1.73 (−3.23; −0.22)

−1.27 (−2.89; 0.35)

−1.46 (−2.83; −0.10)

0.00 (−2.75; 2.75)

0.493

4.31 (2.26; 6.37)

−1.13 (−1.97; −0.29)

0.000

SAS score Mean (95%CI)

 End of treatment

39.20 (31.93; 46.48)

41.77 (36.43; 47.11)

37.96 (31.68; 44.25)

38.02 (32.97; 43.08)

0.745

41.64 (37.76; 45.52)

39.18 (36.46; 41.91)

0.336

 End-baseline

−5.84 (−13.05; 1.37)

−3.50 (−8.91; 1.91)

−8.79 (−15.54; −2.04)

−7.66 (−16.46; 1.14)

0.670

−5.17 (−10.07; −0.27)

−6.55 (−9.74; −3.36)

0.649

SDS score Mean (95%CI)

 End of treatment

41.93 (33.11; 50.75)

43.86 (36.67; 51.05)

38.92 (32.31; 45.53)

37.34 (30.69; 43.98)

0.520

41.25 (35.99; 46.51)

40.45 (37.14; 43.75)

0.799

 End-baseline

−0.48 (−5.35; 4.40)

−7.00 (−14.72; 0.72)

−4.98 (−10.44; 0.48)

−6.93 (−15.95; 2.09)

0.432

−6.09 (−12.61; 0.42)

−4.85 (−7.96; −1.74)

0.697

  1. AG, acupuncture groups; HC, healthy controls; VA, verum acupuncture; SA, sham acupuncture; SAS, self-rating anxiety scale; SDS, self-rating depression scale; WT, waiting list; *, one-way ANOVA was applied for the comparisions among VA1, VA2, VA3, SA and WT groups; **, two-sample t test was applied for the comparisions between MwoA and HC.