Table 2 Statistical significance of metabolic markers and AAs in discriminating individuals of healthy lean (HL, n = 72), healthy overweight or obese (OW/OB, n = 72), and overweight or obese with diabetes (DM, n = 72).

From: Branched-chain and aromatic amino acid profiles and diabetes risk in Chinese populations

Metabolic markers and AAs

P

FC

AUC

HL vs OW/OB

HL vs DM

OW/OB vs DM

OW/OB /HL

DM/HL

DM/ OW/OB

HL vs OW/OB

HL vs DM

OW/OB vs DM

BMI (kg/m2)

<0.001

<0.001

0.35

1.33

1.35

1.02

1.00

1.00

0.55

Waist (cm)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

1.14

1.07

0.93

0.97

0.77

0.80

TC (mM)

0.40

<0.001

<0.001

0.99

1.25

1.26

0.54

0.84

0.86

TG (mM)

0.05

<0.001

<0.001

1.16

2.80

2.41

0.60

0.93

0.88

HDL (mM)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.01

0.86

0.77

0.89

0.70

0.83

0.64

LDL (mM)

<0.01

<0.001

<0.001

1.08

1.31

1.21

0.64

0.79

0.72

γ-GT (U/L)

0.72

<0.001

<0.001

1.17

1.78

1.51

0.52

0.84

0.76

SP (mmHg)

0.82

<0.001

<0.001

1.01

1.17

1.16

0.52

0.82

0.80

DP (mmHg)

0.13

<0.001

<0.001

1.02

1.12

1.09

0.58

0.73

0.68

ALT (U/L)

0.10

<0.001

0.05

1.08

1.31

1.22

0.58

0.66

0.60

AST (U/L)

0.79

0.53

0.69

0.99

0.99

1.00

0.52

0.54

0.52

HbA1c (%)

0.01

<0.001

<0.001

1.03

1.60

1.55

0.62

0.96

0.95

Glucose 0 (mM)

0.58

<0.001

<0.001

1.02

1.58

1.56

0.53

0.91

0.92

Glucose 30 (mM)

0.91

<0.001

<0.001

1.00

2.59

2.60

0.51

0.99

1.00

Glucose 120 (mM)

0.50

<0.001

<0.001

0.99

1.33

1.33

0.54

1.00

0.99

INS0 (U/L)

<0.001

<0.001

0.01

1.82

2.17

1.20

0.81

0.89

0.63

INS30 (U/L)

<0.001

0.01

<0.001

1.57

0.87

0.55

0.72

0.62

0.79

INS120 (U/L)

0.06

<0.001

<0.001

1.24

2.43

1.96

0.59

0.82

0.76

HOMA-IR

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

1.87

3.40

1.82

0.80

0.96

0.81

HOMA-beta

<0.001

0.18

<0.001

1.71

0.90

0.53

0.76

0.57

0.79

Matsuda index

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.57

0.27

0.48

0.76

0.99

0.85

Valine

<0.001

<0.001

0.07

1.18

1.26

1.07

0.69

0.74

0.59

Leucine

<0.01

<0.001

0.07

1.19

1.30

1.09

0.65

0.72

0.59

Isoleucine

0.04

<0.001

0.06

1.13

1.22

1.08

0.61

0.69

0.59

Phenylalanine

<0.01

<0.001

0.16

1.15

1.21

1.05

0.65

0.70

0.57

Tyrosine

0.04

<0.01

0.45

1.07

1.11

1.04

0.60

0.64

0.54

Combined score

<0.001

<0.001

0.18

1.30

1.40

1.08

0.71

0.76

0.57

  1. Abbreviations used: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AUC, area under ROC curve; Combined score: the first decomposed principal component derived from the abundance of the five AAs; DP, diastolic blood pressure; FC, fold change; γ-GT, gamma-glutamyl trans-supeptidase; Glucose0, fasting glucose; Glucose120, 2h glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HOMA-Beta = 20*INS0/(Glucose0-3.5); HOMA-IR = Glucose0*Glucose120/22.5; INS0, fasting insulin; INS120, 2h insulin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; Matsuda index = 10000/(Glucose0*Glucose120*INS0*INS120)1/2; SP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.
  2. P values were from Mann Whitney U test.
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