Figure 5
From: Induction of virulence factors in Giardia duodenalis independent of host attachment
Figure depicting the biphasic model of interaction between G. duodenalis trophozoites and host-cells proposed in our paper.
Proteins trends, families and pathways induced during host-parasite interactions in Giardia are distinguished between HSF-induced in non-attached, motile trophozoites (above) separate to cascades induced in host-cell attached trophozoites (below). ‘VF’ indicates induced protein groups related to known or putative virulence factors in Giardia, which were induced by host secretions. The middle of the figure shows the two distinct stages observed in early pathogenesis, where host-soluble factors lead to a switch to a non-attaching, motile population phenotype. Motile trophozoites migrate further through the gastrointestinal tract, where in the absence of host soluble factors and more optimum conditions, Giardia attaches to host cells. These two stages of host-parasite interactions induce distinct and independently protein responses.
