Figure 1: Plumericin inhibits serum-induced VSMC proliferation

(a) Chemical structure of plumericin (b) Quiescent VSMC were treated as indicated for 30 min and then stimulated with serum (10% NBS) for 24 h, and cell proliferation was quantified by assessing BrdU incorporation into newly synthesized DNA (mean + SD, n = 3, *p < 0.05 (vs serum-stimulated cells); ANOVA, Bonferroni) (c) Quiescent VSMC were treated as indicated and stimulated with serum (NBS, 10%) for 48 h. Then cell membrane integrity was assessed by quantification of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as described in the methods section. Digitonin (100 μg/mL) was used as a positive cytotoxic control. (mean + SD, n = 3, *p < 0.05 (vs serum-stimulated cells), ANOVA, Bonferroni).